Mood disorders are a type of mental illness that causes abnormal and often extreme changes in mood. These changes can range from feelings of temporary sadness or happiness to more persistent, intense, and long-lasting states, such as depression or mania.
While moodiness is a natural part of human emotions and experiences, mood disorders go beyond these typical ups and downs of daily life. Mood disorders can make it difficult to function at work, home, or school and can lead to problems with relationships, substance abuse, and even suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Unfortunately, an estimated 21.4 percent of adults in the United States will experience a mood disorder in their lives.
Types of Mood Disorders
There are many different types of mood disorders, each with its unique set of symptoms as outlined below.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
Major depressive disorder is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities that were once pleasurable. People with major depression may also experience changes in their appetite and sleep patterns, fatigue, concentration problems, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. In severe cases, major depression can lead to thoughts of suicide.
Dysthymic Disorder
Dysthymic disorder, also known as persistent depressive disorder, is a milder but more chronic form of depression. People with persistent depressive disorder may have recurring periods of depression interspersed with periods of normal mood. However, they do not experience the same severe symptoms as those with major depressive disorder, but this does not make the condition any less debilitating.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder is characterized by extreme changes in mood from highs (known as manic episodes) to lows (known as depressive episodes). During a manic episode, a person may experience feelings of euphoria, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, grandiose thinking, increased risky behavior, and impulsivity. During a depressive episode, a person may experience all the symptoms of major depressive disorder – but more severe.
Causes of Mood Disorders
Mood disorders are believed to be caused by a combination of genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Some of the most common causes of mood disorders include:
- Inherited traits
- Chemical imbalances in the brain,
- Excessive stress
- Abnormalities in brain structure
- Traumatic experiences
- Personality traits
- Lack of social support system
- Childhood neglect and abuse
Treating Mood Disorders
Fortunately, mood disorders are treatable. Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications help stabilize mood and relieve symptoms of depression or mania. On the other hand, therapy helps identify negative thought patterns and behaviors causing your mood swings and replace them with more positive ones.
Lifestyle changes, such as getting regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep, can also help improve mood and promote overall wellness. If you think you or someone you know may be suffering from a mood disorder, it is important to seek professional help.
Final Thoughts
If you think you may have a mood disorder, it’s crucial to seek professional help. A mental health professional can assess your symptoms and provide a diagnosis. With treatment, most people with mood disorders can manage their symptoms and live healthy, productive lives.